Saudi Arabia, officially known as the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia (KSA), is the largest country in the Arabian Peninsula. It is located in the Middle East and occupies most of the Arabian Peninsula, with a land area of approximately 2,150,000 square kilometers. It is bordered by the Red Sea to the west, Jordan, Iraq, and Kuwait to the north, the Persian Gulf, Bahrain, Qatar, and the United Arab Emirates to the east, Oman to the southeast, and Yemen to the south. The country holds about 20% of the world's conventional oil reserves and is the world's second-largest oil producer and leading oil exporter.
Saudi Arabia is known for its vast desert landscapes, its rich Islamic heritage, and as the location of the two holiest cities in Islam, Mecca and Medina. Riyadh is the capital and largest city. Key attractions include historical sites like At-Turaif in Diriyah (a UNESCO World Heritage Site), Al-Balad (Old Jeddah), and the Al-Masmak Fortress. Modern attractions include the Kingdom Centre Tower in Riyadh and the Jeddah Corniche. As part of its Vision 2030 plan, Saudi Arabia aims to diversify its economy, develop its tourism sector, and improve its manufacturing, logistics and technology. Recent developments include revisions to the Vision 2030 strategy, with a shift away from megaprojects towards more traditional industries and a focus on tourism, manufacturing, and AI.