Argentina, officially the Argentine Republic, is a country in the southern cone of South America. It is the second-largest country in South America and the eighth-largest in the world. Argentina is bordered by Chile to the west and south, Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast and Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east. Its capital and largest city is Buenos Aires. The country's name comes from the Latin word "argentum," meaning silver, inspired by early Spanish explorers who believed the region held vast silver deposits.
Argentina is known for its diverse geography, including the Andes Mountains, the fertile Pampas grasslands, and the Patagonian steppe. Key attractions include Iguazu Falls, a UNESCO World Heritage site shared with Brazil, the Perito Moreno Glacier in Patagonia, and the wine region of Mendoza. Buenos Aires, is known for its European-style architecture, tango culture, and vibrant nightlife. Recent economic challenges include high inflation, which reached an annual rate of 32.4% in January 2026. The government is implementing measures to boost exports and attract investment, including a trade agreement with the United States.