Impostor syndrome, also referred to as impostor phenomenon or impostorism, is a psychological experience where individuals doubt their accomplishments and have a persistent fear of being exposed as a fraud, despite evidence of their competence. It is not a recognized psychiatric disorder. However, it can significantly impact a person's self-worth and can occur alongside anxiety and depression.
Those experiencing impostor syndrome often attribute their success to luck or other external factors, rather than acknowledging their skills and abilities. This can lead to a cycle of anxiety, over-preparation or procrastination, and rationalizing success. Risk factors associated with impostor syndrome include personality traits like neuroticism, perfectionism, and low self-esteem, as well as factors like upbringing and work environment. Around 70% of adults may experience impostorism at least once in their lives.
The term "impostor phenomenon" was first coined by psychologists Pauline Rose Clance and Suzanne Imes in 1978. Overcoming impostor syndrome involves changing one's mindset, acknowledging accomplishments, and focusing on personal growth rather than comparing oneself to others.