Ukraine is a country in Eastern Europe, the second-largest on the continent after Russia. It borders Russia to the east and northeast, Belarus to the north, Poland and Slovakia to the west, Hungary, Romania, and Moldova to the southwest, and the Black Sea and the Sea of Azov to the south and southeast. Kyiv is the capital and largest city. The landscape is mostly fertile plains (steppes) and plateaus, crossed by rivers like the Dnieper. The Carpathian Mountains are in the west, and the Crimean Mountains are in the extreme south.
Ukraine is known for its agriculture, being a major exporter of grain and sunflower seeds. Key attractions include Kyiv's ancient churches and vibrant culture, the medieval city of Lviv, and the Odesa Catacombs. The Tunnel of Love, a section of industrial railway surrounded by greenery, is another popular spot. However, the country has faced significant challenges, including the 2014 annexation of Crimea by Russia and the ongoing Russo-Ukrainian war, which began in 2022. As of February 2026, approximately 20% of Ukraine's territory remains under Russian occupation. The conflict has caused a major refugee crisis and significant casualties. Despite the war, Ukraine continues to participate in international security events and seek support for its defense.