Specialty coffee refers to the highest grade of coffee available, distinguished by its exceptional quality, unique flavor profiles, and meticulous production process. The Specialty Coffee Association (SCA) defines it as coffee scoring 80 points or higher on a 100-point scale, assessed by certified Q graders. Key characteristics include distinct and complex flavors (fruity, floral, nutty, or chocolatey), high-quality beans carefully selected to meet stringent criteria, and traceability, often providing detailed information about the origin, farm, and processing methods.
Specialty coffee emphasizes a holistic approach, considering sensory attributes, consistency, sustainability, and the impact on producers and consumers. Factors that contribute to specialty coffee include coffee bean variety (typically Arabica), growing conditions, processing methods (washed, natural, or honey), and roasting techniques. The SCA sets clear standards for the coffee grading process, requiring a minimum requirement for defects: 0 to 5 defects every 350 g (12 ounces) of milled beans. As of December 2024, the average retail price for roasted specialty coffees was $32.35 per pound, with the lowest priced coffees averaging $20.75 per pound and the highest priced coffees averaging $43.94 per pound. Specialty coffee is widely available from various roasters and cafes, including Bird Rock Coffee Roasters, Coffee Bros, and Joe Coffee.