Potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are a starchy, edible tuber and one of the world's main food crops, ranking as the fourth most important globally. Originating in the Peruvian-Bolivian Andes, they are now cultivated worldwide in over 100 countries. More than a billion people consume potatoes, with global crop production exceeding 300 million metric tons.
Key features vary significantly depending on the variety. There are over 4,000 native potato varieties, with different sizes, shapes, colors, and textures. Potatoes are classified by their texture (starchy, waxy, and all-purpose) which impacts their culinary use. Starchy potatoes, like Russets, are ideal for baking and frying, while waxy potatoes, such as Red Bliss, are better for potato salads as they hold their shape. Availability is widespread, with potatoes sold in grocery stores and markets. They can be purchased as fresh table-stock potatoes, frozen, dehydrated, or even as seed potatoes for growing.
Potato prices can fluctuate based on factors such as variety, region, and market conditions. Wholesale prices in the United States have recently ranged from $0.82 to $3.04 USD per kg, or $0.37 to $1.38 USD per pound. The average consumer price for white potatoes is tracked by the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics.
Potatoes are vegetatively propagated, meaning new plants can be grown from a potato or a piece of potato. They are adaptable to various growing conditions, from sea level up to 4,700 meters above sea level.
