Helium (He) is a colorless, odorless, tasteless, non-toxic, and inert monatomic gas, recognized as the second lightest element in the universe after hydrogen. It's a non-renewable resource extracted from underground reservoirs, often found mixed with natural gas. Due to its unique properties, such as a low boiling point and inertness, helium is essential in various high-tech and medical applications.
Key features of helium include its non-flammability, high thermal conductivity, and ability to maintain liquid form at extremely low temperatures. These characteristics make it suitable for cooling superconducting magnets in MRI machines, creating protective atmospheres for welding, detecting leaks, and as a lifting gas in balloons and airships. Leading global suppliers and manufacturers of helium include Air Liquide, Air Products, Linde PLC, and Matheson. Helium is available in various purity grades to meet specific industry needs.
The price of helium varies based on purity, volume, and region, with current market prices ranging from $30 to $50 or more per liter for liquid helium. Bulk helium prices can also be measured by weight; in the first quarter of 2025, bulk helium prices in the USA were around $99,600 per metric ton. A small cylinder of helium (55 cu ft) can cost around $509, with refills around $150 plus surcharges. Availability has been a concern, with shortages impacting the market and leading to historically high prices. Helium is supplied in both gaseous and liquid form using cylinders, dewars, ISO containers, and tube trailers.
