Coffee beans are the seeds of the Coffea plant and the source of coffee, one of the world's most popular beverages. The four main types of coffee beans are Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa. Arabica beans are the most common, representing 60-70% of global production, and are known for their complex, nuanced flavor profiles with hints of fruit, flowers, or wine. Robusta beans are the second most produced and have a more bitter, intense flavor and higher caffeine content. Liberica and Excelsa beans are less common, with unique flavor profiles that are fruity, floral, spicy, smoky, or tart. The flavor of coffee beans is influenced by factors such as bean variety, roast level, growing conditions, altitude, climate, and soil composition.
There isn't a single manufacturer or creator of coffee beans, as they are a naturally occurring agricultural product cultivated in various regions around the world. Brazil and Vietnam are major coffee bean producers. The availability of coffee beans is generally widespread, though certain types like Liberica and Excelsa may be harder to find. In 2024, the average wholesale price for roasted coffee beans ranged from $12.39 to $12.97 USD per kg. However, prices can vary significantly based on factors such as bean type, origin, and processing. Climate change and supply chain disruptions have contributed to price volatility and rising costs in the coffee market.
