Peru, officially the Republic of Peru, is a country located in western South America. It is known for its diverse geography, encompassing the arid plains of the Pacific coast, the towering Andes mountains, and the lush Amazon rainforest. Peru is bordered by Ecuador and Colombia to the north, Brazil to the east, Bolivia to the southeast, Chile to the south, and the Pacific Ocean to the west. Its capital and largest city is Lima. The country's name is derived from a Quechua word suggesting a "land of abundance," reflecting the wealth generated by the Inca civilization.
Peru is famed for its rich history and cultural heritage, boasting one of the longest histories of civilization. It is home to Machu Picchu, a 15th-century Inca citadel and one of the New Seven Wonders of the World. Other key attractions include the Nazca Lines, Lake Titicaca (the largest lake in South America), the Colca Canyon (one of the world's deepest canyons), and the Amazon Rainforest. Peru's economy is supported by mining, manufacturing, agriculture, and fishing. Recent events include Peru approving an emergency overhaul of the state oil firm Petroperu, a train crash near Machu Picchu, and a declared state of emergency to block Chile border crossings.
