Mount Kilimanjaro, located in Tanzania near the Kenyan border in East Africa, is the highest mountain in Africa and the highest free-standing mountain in the world, rising to approximately 5,895 meters (19,341 feet) above sea level. This impressive stratovolcano is a major hiking and climbing destination and one of the Seven Summits. Kilimanjaro is comprised of three volcanic cones: Kibo, Mawenzi, and Shira. Kibo is the highest and is dormant but could erupt again, while Mawenzi and Shira are extinct. Uhuru Peak is the highest summit, located on Kibo's crater rim.
The mountain's unique geography supports diverse ecological zones, from lush rainforests at the base to alpine deserts near the summit, hosting various plant and animal species, including endemic ones like the giant groundsel (Dendrosenecio kilimanjari). Kilimanjaro is also known for its ice cap and glaciers, though they have been rapidly shrinking, with projections estimating their disappearance by the mid-21st century. Recent developments include expanding internet service across the mountain to allow climbers to livestream their ascent, with the Marangu Route already online and other routes soon to follow. Additionally, two helicopter firms are now operating to provide emergency rescue services. A study in late 2025 revealed that land-use change, driven by rapid population growth, has led to a significant loss of natural plant species on the mountain's lower slopes.
