Cusco, often spelled Cuzco, is a city in southeastern Peru, nestled near the Urubamba Valley within the Andes mountain range. Its name comes from a Quechua word meaning "navel" or "center". Historically, it served as the capital of the Inca Empire from the 13th century until the Spanish conquest in the 16th century. Today, Cusco is the capital of both the Cusco Region and the Cusco Province. The city is the seventh most populous in Peru. Cusco was declared a World Heritage Site by UNESCO in 1983.
Cusco is renowned for its well-preserved Inca architecture, often found in the foundations of Spanish colonial buildings. Key attractions include the Plaza de Armas, the city's main square, which is a focal point for events and surrounded by colonial architecture such as the Cusco Cathedral and the Iglesia de la Compañía de Jesús. Sacsayhuamán, a large Inca fortress with massive stone walls, overlooks the city and offers panoramic views. Other notable sites include Coricancha (Temple of the Sun), various museums, and the San Pedro Market. Recent archaeological discoveries near Sacsayhuamán have unearthed artifacts that provide insights into Inca life.
Tourism is a vital part of Cusco's economy, with the city hosting nearly 2 million visitors annually. The city serves as a gateway to Inca ruins, including Machu Picchu. Local authorities are focused on enhancing the tourist experience and promoting sustainable tourism. A new mega-airport is planned for the Cusco region with the objective of increasing tourism to Machu Picchu. Community projects are also underway to improve education and infrastructure within the city.