Cajamarca, also known as Kashamarka in Quechua, is the capital and largest city of the Cajamarca Region, located in the northern highlands of Peru. Situated at approximately 2,750 meters (8,900 ft) above sea level in the Mashcon River valley, it serves as an important cultural and commercial center in the Andes. The city is known historically as the site where the Inca Empire's decline began, marked by the capture and eventual execution of the Inca emperor Atahualpa by Francisco Pizarro in 1532. The Plaza de Armas is considered the most important plaza in South America because of this event.
Key attractions include the Plaza de Armas, framed by Spanish colonial churches, and El Cuarto de Rescate (the Ransom Room), the only remaining Inca structure in Cajamarca. Other notable sites are the Cathedral of Cajamarca, Iglesia de San Francisco, and the hot springs at Baños del Inca. The city is also near archaeological sites like Cumbemayo and Ventanillas de Otuzco. Recent developments include Cajamarca's selection as Peru's second "Smart Tourism Destination," an initiative aimed at promoting innovation, sustainability, and accessibility in the tourism sector through 2026. However, the region faces challenges, as its two largest gold mines, Yanacocha and Cerro Corona, are entering closure phases, potentially impacting the local economy. Illegal mining has also been reported, causing violence and environmental risks.
