The Bay of Biscay, also known as the Gulf of Biscay or the Gulf of Gascony, is a gulf located in the northeast Atlantic Ocean, south of the Celtic Sea. It borders the western coast of France, from Point Penmarc'h to the Spanish border, and the northern coast of Spain, stretching west to Cape Ortegal. The bay is notorious for its rough seas and severe storms, particularly during winter months. These conditions have historically made it a challenging area for sailors, leading to numerous shipwrecks.
Despite its dangers, the Bay of Biscay is a vital route for trade and sea travel. The region is home to significant ports such as Brest, Nantes, and Bordeaux in France, and Bilbao, Santander, and Gijón in Spain. Coastal resorts like Biarritz and Saint-Jean-de-Luz attract tourists. The bay also supports a variety of wildlife, including marine mammals and diverse bird species within the Plaiaundi Ecology Park.
Recent developments include an ongoing electricity interconnection project between France and Spain, expected to be completed by 2028. This project aims to enhance the security and sustainability of Europe's electricity supply. However, severe weather conditions continue to impact vessel crossings and terminal operations in the bay. As of February 2026, vessel crossings have been intermittently disrupted due to unfavorable weather.