Viktor Emil Frankl (1905-1997) was an Austrian neurologist, psychiatrist, philosopher, and Holocaust survivor, most known for developing logotherapy. Logotherapy, often called the "Third Viennese School of Psychotherapy," posits that the search for meaning in life is the central human motivational force.
Frankl's experiences in Nazi concentration camps heavily influenced his philosophical outlook. He observed that those who found meaning in their suffering were more resilient, leading him to believe humans are driven by a fundamental need for purpose. His seminal book, Man's Search for Meaning, documents these experiences and his theories and has sold millions of copies. After the war, he was a professor of neurology and psychiatry at the University of Vienna from 1948 to 1990. He also lectured at over 200 universities across the globe, including Harvard, Stanford, and Duquesne.
Frankl's work emphasized personal agency and the pursuit of meaning, contrasting with the deterministic views of Sigmund Freud and Alfred Adler, though he studied under both. He received 29 honorary doctorates and numerous awards, including the Oskar Pfister Award from the American Psychiatric Association. His ideas have led to the establishment of logotherapy institutes worldwide, promoting his belief that individuals can find fulfillment through meaningful connections with the world.