The surname Roy has origins as an honorific title in Bengal, India, signifying authority and rulership. It evolved from "Ray" or "Rai," denoting individuals in administrative roles during the Bengal Nawabs' era. Over time, it became a hereditary name among upper-caste communities like the Kayasthas. The phonetic shift from "rai" to "roy" occurred due to British transliteration practices during the colonial era. The surname is prevalent in eastern and northeastern India, especially West Bengal, and is common among Kayasthas who historically held administrative positions.
Roy is found across various communities and sub-castes in India, including Rajputs, Jats, Gujars, and Brahmins. The specific sub-caste can vary by region and family history. Community members engage in diverse religious and cultural rituals, celebrating festivals like Durga Puja, Diwali, and Holi. The surname has been influential in Indian history and society, with members contributing to cultural traditions and social movements. Notable individuals include Bidhan Chandra Roy, a physician and former Chief Minister of West Bengal.
