Connie He

The Aesthetic Tension of Digital Permanence Artists traditionally face a brutal trade-off between the intimacy of the hand-drawn stroke and the mechanical efficiency of digital rendering. Connie He confronted this binary when directing Dear Upstairs Neighbors. The film sought to replicate the abstract, textured aesthetics of her father’s paintings, a goal that fundamentally resists the clean, mathematical precision of standard computer-generated imagery. This tension highlights a critical ethical crossroad: how do we scale personal, human inspiration without diluting the very soul of the work? The Logistical Impossible and the Machine Solution Hand-painting 7,000 individual frames remains an insurmountable task for even the most dedicated animation teams. In the past, such ambitions were simply discarded as ‘not feasible.’ Connie He and her team of 45 creators pivoted by integrating a customized machine learning workflow. By training models exclusively on original artwork and paintings produced by the team, they maintained a closed-loop system of creative intent. This methodology represents a departure from the generic, prompt-based generation that characterizes much of the current AI discourse. It suggests a future where technology acts as a specialized brush rather than a replacement for the artist. Ethical Guardrails in Custom Workflows The success of this project hinges on the distinction between ‘typing a film into existence’ and using AI to solve specific technical bottlenecks. From an ethicist's perspective, the use of proprietary training data—original paintings created by the animators themselves—is the gold standard for responsible AI implementation. It preserves the lineage of human labor and prevents the stylistic plagiarism often associated with large-scale generative models. Sustaining the Human Touch Ultimately, Dear Upstairs Neighbors serves as a case study for the ‘living painting’ look. The technology provided the consistency required for animation, but the human team provided the vision. We must continue to scrutinize these workflows to ensure that as we scale art, we do not inadvertently automate away the vulnerability and friction that make human expression meaningful. Technology should unlock creative potential, never dictate the terms of its existence.