Aristotle (384–322 BC) was an ancient Greek philosopher and polymath, born in Stagira, Northern Greece. His father, Nicomachus, served as the court physician to King Amyntas II of Macedon, which likely influenced Aristotle's early interest in biology and natural science. At the age of 17, he joined Plato's Academy in Athens, remaining there for twenty years as a pupil and teacher. He later founded his own school, the Lyceum, where he developed the Aristotelian tradition and amassed a vast collection of manuscripts.
Aristotle's writings spanned numerous subjects, including natural science, philosophy, linguistics, economics, politics, psychology, and the arts. He is renowned for his contributions to logic, ethics, metaphysics, and political theory. He developed a formal system for reasoning and made significant advancements in biology through observation and classification. Though his concepts persisted for nearly 2000 years, some were overturned after the Renaissance. Recent discussions surrounding Aristotle involve analyses of his political thought and, surprisingly, debates in China regarding the legitimacy of his existence.