University of Notre Dame

The Structural Collapse of American Moral Formation America faces a crisis that transcends the standard metrics of GDP growth or geopolitical positioning. While market analysts focus on inflation targets and interest rate swaps, a deeper, sub-political erosion is occurring within the nation’s humanistic core. David Brooks, a long-time observer of the American psyche, argues that the country has moved away from its foundational project: the intentional cultivation of character. In a recent analysis, Brooks highlights a staggering statistic from Christian Smith of Notre Dame, revealing that roughly 58% of college students report having no sense of purpose in their lives. This is not merely a sociological curiosity; it is a systemic failure of the institutions — from public high schools to elite universities — that once considered moral formation their primary mandate. Historically, the American educational system was designed to produce individuals who were ‘acceptable at a dance and invaluable at a shipwreck.’ This ethos, exemplified by figures like Francis Perkins, focused on the internal architecture of the person. Today, that framework has been replaced by a hyper-rationalist sorting mechanism. We test children at age eight, labeling them as winners or losers in the cognitive sweepstakes, and then wonder why the winners feel hollow and the losers feel apathetic. By exiting the ‘morality business,’ institutions have left a generation morally inarticulate, lacking even the vocabulary — terms like sin, redemption, or grace — necessary to navigate their own inner environments. Resentment as a Transvaluation of Values The vacuum left by the decline of moral formation has been filled by a potent and corrosive cultural force: resentment. Brooks describes resentment not just as a feeling of being left behind, but as a total ‘transvaluation of values.’ It begins with impotence — the sense that one is invisible or disrespected by the elite — but it matures into a rejection of the higher registers of human nature. In this state, kindness is viewed as weakness, and generosity is dismissed as mere performance. This psychological shift explains the rise of political figures who operate exclusively in the lower registers of venality and the lust for power. Donald Trump serves as the primary exemplar of this resentful age. He has effectively cut off the higher registers of human nature, dismissing war heroism as a ‘sucker’s game’ and failing to grasp the concept of sacrificial service. However, Brooks makes a critical distinction between the man and his supporters. Many Trump voters are not driven by innate depravity but by a legitimate sense of loss — of status, of stable employment, and of a clear social role. When the world privatized morality and told individuals to find their own meaning, those without the tools to do so were left vulnerable to the populist lure of resentment. The Gendered Crisis of Emotional Literacy A significant component of this moral decay is the specific struggle of men within modern social structures. For decades, masculinity was conflated with stoicism and the suppression of passion. This was based on a flawed Platonic understanding that reason is wise and emotions are wild horses to be tamed. Modern cognitive science, however, proves that emotions are essential for decision-making; they assign value to the world. Without emotional granularity — the ability to distinguish between frustration, anxiety, and stress — individuals become trapped in their own heads. This lack of emotional literacy has concrete social consequences. Brooks notes the rise of ‘ghosting’ and the decline of basic social skills as symptoms of a generation that was never taught how to handle a breakup or how to sit with someone who is grieving. The solution lies in a return to humanistic ideals: the study of exemplars like Pericles or Martin Luther King Jr., and the active cultivation of the heart. For men, this means moving away from the ‘meritocratic madness’ of conditional love and toward a secure base of emotional expression. The Bifurcation of Intelligence in the Age of AI The arrival of Generative AI, specifically tools like Claude and ChatGPT, threatens to accelerate the existing class divisions within the economy. Brooks posits a future defined by a new cognitive cast system. On one side, the 20% of humanity with a high need for cognition will use AI as a massive productivity multiplier, expanding their intellectual horizons and deepening their research capabilities. On the other, the 80% of ‘cognitive misers’ may use AI as a crutch, effectively outsourcing their thinking and eventually losing the capacity for hard mental labor. This is not a theoretical concern. Early research suggests a massive decline in the motivation to think among those who use AI as a substitute rather than an advisor. Just as the GPS has eroded our collective ability to navigate using a physical map, AI could erode our ability to synthesize information and form original judgments. This creates a dangerous paradox: at a time when America needs more deep thinking to solve its moral and political crises, its primary technological tools might be inducing a state of cognitive atrophy. The 2028 Pivot Toward Moral Decency Despite the current atmosphere of bitterness and corruption, Brooks remains optimistic about the cyclical nature of American culture. History shows that cultural shifts happen with head-spinning speed. Just as the conformity of the 1950s gave way to the individual liberation of the 1960s, the current era of contention is likely to produce a hunger for its exact opposite. By the 2028 election, Brooks predicts that the American electorate will have reached a breaking point, seeking not just a policy alternative to the status quo, but a moral and emotional one. This upcoming shift will favor leaders who project upbeat, positive spirituality and genuine empathy. Candidates who can move beyond the ‘Trump-bashing industrial complex’ — a media business model that rewards outrage over ideas — will find a receptive audience. The future belongs to those who can repair the social fabric by focusing on common-good capitalism and the restoration of purpose. As we transition from a culture of performance to one of generativity, the goal is no longer just individual success, but leaving a legacy of service and character.