The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) is a regulatory agency within the Department of Health and Human Services responsible for protecting public health. Its origins trace back to 1862, but the modern FDA era began with the Federal Food and Drugs Act in 1906. The FDA's responsibilities include ensuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, and medical devices. It also oversees the safety of the nation's food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation. The agency regulates over $2.6 trillion worth of food, medical products, and tobacco, accounting for a significant portion of consumer spending.
The FDA's work includes establishing standards for various products, conducting research, and collecting samples. It plays a crucial role in approving generic medicines, evaluating vaccines, and monitoring the safety of CBD products. The FDA also combats illegal online pharmacies and works with international partners to address this issue. The agency's budget was over $3.4 billion in 2020, with a significant portion funded by user fees paid by manufacturers. Recently, the FDA has been involved in assessing food chemical preservatives, addressing non-FDA-approved drugs, and improving gluten ingredient disclosure in foods.