Water (H₂O) is a polar inorganic compound. At room temperature, it exists as a tasteless and odorless liquid, nearly colorless with a hint of blue. It is the most studied chemical compound on Earth and is often referred to as the "universal solvent" because it can dissolve more substances than any other liquid. Water is also the only common substance that naturally exists as a solid, liquid, and gas on Earth.
The molecule's bent shape, with a bond angle of approximately 104.5 degrees, and the difference in electronegativity between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms contribute to its polarity. This polarity leads to hydrogen bonding, giving water unique properties such as high specific heat, high surface tension, and its lower density in solid form (ice) compared to liquid water. Water is essential for life; it makes up a large percentage of the human body (around 60%) and plays a vital role in regulating Earth's temperature. It is used in agriculture, industry, and for domestic purposes.
