Cortisol is a steroid hormone produced by the adrenal glands, which sit atop the kidneys, and it impacts various aspects of health. Often called the "stress hormone," cortisol is crucial for regulating the body's stress response, but it also plays many other important roles. It influences metabolism, immune function, and blood pressure. Cortisol helps regulate how the body uses blood sugar for energy and, in small amounts, can control inflammation. It's also thought to play a role in regulating blood pressure.
Cortisol levels are connected to the body's internal clock, or circadian rhythm. Typically, cortisol levels begin to rise in the early morning hours, peaking shortly after waking. This rise, known as the Cortisol Awakening Response (CAR), prepares the body for the day's challenges. However, prolonged high levels of cortisol can lead to health problems like anxiety, depression, headaches, heart disease, and weight gain. Chronically high levels can also impair cognitive function and affect brain structures like the hippocampus. While cortisol is essential, maintaining healthy levels through stress management techniques, a balanced diet, regular exercise, and good sleep hygiene is key.
