The Cultural Revolution, formally known as the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution, was a sociopolitical movement in China that lasted from 1966 until 1976. Launched by Mao Zedong, then Chairman of the Chinese Communist Party (CCP), its stated goal was to preserve Chinese communism by purging capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society. Mao aimed to reinforce his authority and revive revolutionary fervor. The movement emerged from struggles within the CCP and aimed to mobilize the populace against established norms.
The Cultural Revolution unleashed chaos and violence across Chinese society. Red Guard groups, composed mainly of students, attacked individuals associated with the "Four Olds" – old customs, old culture, old habits, and old ideas – including intellectuals and party officials. Many people were publicly humiliated, arbitrarily imprisoned, tortured, or executed. The economy suffered, historical and cultural artifacts were destroyed, and social structures were disrupted. The Cultural Revolution remains a sensitive topic in China, with its legacy continuing to shape Chinese politics and society.
