Type 2 diabetes (T2D), formerly known as adult-onset diabetes, is a chronic condition characterized by high blood sugar levels due to insulin resistance and insufficient insulin production. In type 2 diabetes, cells don't respond normally to insulin, a hormone produced by the pancreas that allows blood sugar to enter cells for energy. The pancreas attempts to compensate by producing more insulin, but over time, it can't keep up, leading to elevated blood sugar.
Over 90% of diabetes cases are type 2. While it often develops in people over 45, it is increasingly diagnosed in younger individuals due to rising obesity rates, sedentary lifestyles, and poor diets. Genetic factors also play a significant role, with the risk increasing if a parent or both parents have the condition. Symptoms, such as increased thirst, frequent urination, fatigue, and slow-healing wounds, can be mild and develop gradually. Uncontrolled type 2 diabetes can lead to serious complications, including heart disease, stroke, vision loss, kidney failure and nerve damage. It can often be prevented or delayed through maintaining a normal weight, regular exercise, and a healthy diet.