Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT), is a monoamine neurotransmitter and hormone that sends messages between nerve cells in the brain and throughout the body, influencing various physical and psychological functions. Often called the "happy" chemical, serotonin contributes to well-being and happiness and affects mood, emotions, appetite, and digestion. It is produced in the brainstem, intestines, and blood platelets.
Serotonin plays a key role in regulating body temperature, sleep, sexual behavior, learning, and memory. It is also involved in controlling muscles and influencing appetite and bowel function. As a precursor to melatonin, serotonin helps regulate sleep-wake cycles. Serotonin also aids in blood clotting by constricting blood vessels to slow bleeding. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) and serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) are commonly used antidepressants that increase serotonin levels in the brain. Exercise and exposure to bright light are natural ways to increase serotonin levels.
