Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is a mental disorder characterized by uncontrollable, recurring thoughts (obsessions) and behaviors (compulsions) that an individual feels the urge to repeat. Obsessions are persistent, unwanted thoughts, mental images, or urges that generate feelings of anxiety, disgust, or discomfort. Common obsessions include fear of contamination, obsession with symmetry, and fear of harming oneself or others. Compulsions are repetitive actions performed in response to obsessions to reduce anxiety, such as washing, checking, counting, and reassurance seeking. These compulsions can be time-consuming, often taking up at least one hour per day, and can significantly interfere with a person's daily activities and social interactions.
OCD is now categorized under "Obsessive-Compulsive and Related Disorders" since 2013. While many adults with OCD recognize that their rituals are irrational, they continue them to reduce anxiety. Approximately 1.2% of U.S. adults had OCD in the past year, with lifetime prevalence around 2.3%. OCD is more prevalent in females (1.8%) than males (0.5%). The mean age of onset is 19.5 years, with 25% of cases starting by age 14. While there's no cure for OCD, treatments such as cognitive behavioral therapy, medication, or both can help manage the disorder.