Nutrition is the biochemical and physiological process by which an organism uses food and water to support its life. It involves consuming and utilizing nutrients from the environment to facilitate vital functions, providing energy, aiding growth, and repairing cells and tissues. These nutrients, obtained through food, are chemical substances essential for the body's energy, growth, and overall health. The diet of an organism, which is the sum of the foods it eats, plays a major role in ensuring the quality of life, health, and longevity.
There are six major classes of nutrients: carbohydrates, proteins, fats, vitamins, minerals, and water. Macronutrients, like carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, provide energy, while micronutrients, such as vitamins and minerals, support metabolism. Nutrition science studies these nutrients and how they impact health, often emphasizing human nutrition. Understanding nutrition helps individuals make informed choices that support overall health, boost immunity, and reduce the risk of disease. Nutrition Facts labels on packaged foods provide information about nutrients, helping consumers make informed decisions about their dietary intake.