Mindfulness is a cognitive skill involving awareness of one's internal state and surroundings. It is typically developed through exercises, like meditation, that help sustain metacognitive awareness of the contents of one's mind and bodily sensations in the present moment. The term originates from the Pali word sati, an element of Buddhist traditions. Jon Kabat-Zinn and Thích Nhất Hạnh are considered figures who contributed to the popularity of secular mindfulness in the West.
Mindfulness is used to avoid destructive or automatic habits and responses by learning to observe thoughts, emotions, and present-moment experiences without judgment or reaction. Studies suggest that focusing on the present can have a positive impact on health and well-being. Mindfulness-based treatments have been shown to reduce anxiety and depression. There is also evidence that mindfulness can lower blood pressure, improve sleep, and help people cope with pain.