Intergenerational competition theory posits that conflict arises between younger and older generations as they vie for limited resources and opportunities, including jobs, housing, and social influence. This perspective falls under the broader sociological conflict theory, which views conflict as a normal aspect of social life. The theory gained prominence in the 1980s amidst rising unemployment, highlighting how economic conditions can intensify competition between generations.
This competition extends beyond mere resource acquisition, reflecting a deeper struggle for power. The generation in middle age typically holds the most power, acting as "gatekeepers" who control resource distribution in ways that align with their interests. Younger generations often challenge these established hierarchies, particularly with the rise of technological disparities where younger individuals possess different cognitive styles from older leaders. Some theorists propose that intergenerational relationships are based on self-interested behavior with expectations of reciprocity. However, repeated exchanges in families may have rational and emotional aspects.
