Dopamine is a neuromodulator in the brain and body that influences motivation, focus, drive, craving, and time perception. It is often associated with reward, but it is more accurately understood as a key driver of motivation and the craving to seek rewards. Dopamine is the primary determinant of how excited, motivated, and ready individuals are to pursue their goals. According to Dr. Anna Lembke, dopamine is about wanting, not having.
Dopamine levels are influenced by various factors, including genetics, behaviors, sleep, and nutrition. Activities such as eating chocolate, engaging in sex, and taking drugs like nicotine, cocaine, and amphetamine can cause dopamine levels to rise. Experiences that involve friction and pain can also increase dopamine release. Maintaining sufficient baseline dopamine levels is important for sustaining day-to-day motivation. Viewing early morning sunlight for 10-30 minutes daily can help establish a healthy baseline level.