Anxiety is a prevalent emotion characterized by feelings of unease, worry, and fear, often triggered by the anticipation of future threats or an overreaction to subjectively menacing situations. It is distinct from fear, which is a response to a present threat. Globally, anxiety disorders are the most common mental disorders, affecting an estimated 4.4% of the population, or 359 million people in 2021. These disorders can manifest with psychological symptoms like excessive worry, difficulty concentrating, and irritability, as well as physical symptoms such as increased heart rate, sweating, and trembling.
Several types of anxiety disorders exist, including generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), panic disorder, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobias. GAD involves persistent and excessive worry about everyday issues, while panic disorder is characterized by sudden, intense episodes of fear or terror. Social anxiety disorder involves a fear of negative judgment from others. Treatment options include psychotherapy, particularly cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), and medications like antidepressants. Lifestyle changes, such as stress management techniques, exercise, and mindfulness practices, can also play a significant role in managing anxiety.